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Process ControlIntermediateIEC 61131-3

RAMP (Ramp Function / Rate Limiter)

Limits rate of change to create smooth transitions between values.

The RAMP function block limits the rate of change of a signal, creating a smooth transition from one value to another at a controlled rate. Instead of allowing an output to jump instantly to a new setpoint, the ramp gradually moves the output at a maximum defined rate (units per second). RAMP is essential for motor soft-start/soft-stop, preventing thermal shock in heating systems, smooth valve positioning, and any application where sudden changes could cause mechanical stress or process upsets.

Parameters

Inputs

NameTypeDescription
INREALTarget value (setpoint)
RATE_UPREALMaximum rate of increase (units/second)
RATE_DNREALMaximum rate of decrease (units/second)
CYCLETIMEExecution cycle time

Outputs

NameTypeDescription
OUTREALRamped output value
BUSYBOOLTRUE while ramping (OUT <> IN)

Structured Text Example

VAR
    Speed_Ramp : RAMP;
    Target_Speed : REAL := 1500.0;  // RPM
    Actual_Cmd : REAL;
END_VAR

Speed_Ramp(
    IN := Target_Speed,
    RATE_UP := 100.0,    // 100 RPM/sec acceleration
    RATE_DN := 200.0,    // 200 RPM/sec deceleration
    CYCLE := T#100ms
);
Actual_Cmd := Speed_Ramp.OUT;

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Platform-Specific Implementation

S

Siemens (TIA Portal)

Implement using custom FB with rate limiting logic. No built-in RAMP block.

AB

Allen-Bradley (Studio 5000)

Use RMPS (Ramp/Soak) instruction for complex profiles, or implement custom rate limiter.

C

CODESYS

OSCAT library provides RAMP_REAL function block.

Common Applications

  • Motor acceleration/deceleration
  • Valve position ramping
  • Temperature setpoint ramping
  • Conveyor speed changes
  • Pressure build-up control

Frequently Asked Questions

What is RAMP (Ramp Function / Rate Limiter) in PLC programming?

Limits rate of change to create smooth transitions between values. The RAMP function block limits the rate of change of a signal, creating a smooth transition from one value to another at a controlled rate. Instead of allowing an output to jump instantly to a new setpoint, the ramp gradually moves the output at a maximum defined rate (units per second).

What are common applications of RAMP (Ramp Function / Rate Limiter)?

RAMP (Ramp Function / Rate Limiter) is commonly used for: Motor acceleration/deceleration, Valve position ramping, Temperature setpoint ramping, Conveyor speed changes, Pressure build-up control.

How do I use RAMP (Ramp Function / Rate Limiter) in different PLC platforms?

Siemens: Implement using custom FB with rate limiting logic. No built-in RAMP block. Allen-Bradley: Use RMPS (Ramp/Soak) instruction for complex profiles, or implement custom rate limiter. CODESYS: OSCAT library provides RAMP_REAL function block.

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