Industrial Control Concepts

Control system automatically adjusting parameters based on changing process dynamics.

Technique preventing integral term accumulation when output saturates.

Automatic determination of PID parameters through system identification tests.

Manual step change to identify process dynamics for tuning.

Smooth transition between manual and automatic control modes without process disturbance.

Control strategy where output of primary controller becomes setpoint for secondary controller.

Modifying control valve response to linearize process behavior.

Feedback control system measuring output and adjusting input to maintain setpoint.

Document defining overall control strategy and operational requirements.

Controller output signal sent to final control element like valve or drive.

Delay between control action and observable process response.

Range where no control action occurs, preventing oscillation around setpoint.

Compensating for interactions between multiple control loops.

Time advance provided by derivative action predicting future error.

Uncontrolled factor affecting process that controller must compensate for.

Anticipatory control measuring disturbances and compensating before they affect process.

Control based on fuzzy set theory handling imprecise or linguistic variables.

Adjusting controller parameters based on operating conditions.

Difference between switch-on and switch-off points preventing rapid cycling.

Time for integral action to match proportional action for constant error.

Saturation of integral term when controller output reaches limits.

Dynamic compensation improving transient response and stability in control loops.

Process input adjusted by controller to maintain process variable at setpoint.

Advanced control using process model to predict and optimize future behavior.

Using artificial neural networks for complex process control.

Control without feedback where output doesn't influence control action.

Control strategy minimizing cost function while meeting constraints.

Selective control choosing between multiple controller outputs.

Overshoot is the amount a process variable rises past its setpoint before settling, during a control loop's transient response. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the setpoint change and is caused by excessive controller gain or integral action; retuning the PID or adding damping reduces it.

A control loop mechanism that continuously calculates an error value and applies correction based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms.

Measured value being controlled such as temperature, pressure, or flow rate.

Range of error producing full controller output change, inverse of proportional gain.

Maintains constant ratio between two process variables like fuel and air flow.

Time for process variable to go from 10% to 90% of setpoint change.

Control maintaining performance despite model uncertainties.

Desired target value for the process variable in a control loop.

Time for process variable to reach and stay within specified band of setpoint.

Nonlinear control forcing system to slide along defined surface.

Control strategy compensating for dead time in process using internal model.

Single controller output operating multiple valves in sequence for extended control range.

Modern control using mathematical model of system dynamics.

Difference between setpoint and process variable after transients decay.

Time for first-order system to reach 63.2% of final value.